Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit drug in Australia, and although over the past 10 years its use has been declining, its use is still three times that of cocaine or ecstasy.
Does this mean people have replaced cannabis with ecstasy and is the use of these drugs likely to keep increasing? It’s hard to say, as drug use trends ebb and flow but there are some interesting reasons as to why this may have occurred.
One theory is that cannabis use has become less socially acceptable among certain age groups. In the ‘hippie era’ cannabis was mainly smoked in hand-rolled cigarettes or joints and by adults. People generally used cannabis occasionally, socially or out of protest and tended to smoke the least potent part of the plant, the leaf.
The trend now is often for adolescents to be using cannabis and smoking the strongest part of the plant (heads) through water pipes or bongs. Using cannabis heavily at a young age can result in dependence, as young people develop dependence at a faster rate and with lower doses than adults do. How many people do you know who started smoking with their mates and now smoke alone or try and hide their use from others?
Ecstasy, on the other hand has a reputation of being a social drug, less likely than cannabis to make you want to sit at home with a bowl of Pringles and watch Family Guy. I’ve worked with young people in various settings who often admit their preference for ecstasy because they like the way it makes them feel (at least in the short-term) and behave in social situations.
Is it then fair to say people are favouring E because it’s more ‘socially friendly’ than cannabis? Being a relatively new drug on the illicit drug market there is limited research on its long-term effects and people tend to see ecstasy as not harmful (but there is evidence contrary to this view). I imagine this reputation also contributes to its increased uptake.
Another theory is that the myth that cannabis’ is a ‘soft drug’ is no longer sticking. As we become more aware of mental health effects and the long-term consequences of cannabis use and its impact on young people, we are beginning to realise cannabis is not quite a harmless weed. The negative health effects of cannabis include increased risk of mouth and throat cancers, decreased motivation and decreased memory and learning abilities.
As for the effects cannabis has on mental health we know that in the short-term it may cause symptoms like anxiety, panic and hallucinations. Cannabis use may also ‘trigger’ schizophrenia or a psychotic episode in a person who was already at risk of developing the disorder, such as someone with a family history of mental illness. People who use cannabis are also more likely than others to experience depression.
This is not to say we are condoning the use of either drug (cannabis or ecstasy). Nor can we compare the risk between drugs as each person has a different genetic makeup and family history that influences their drug taking experience. Whatever the trends may be it is important to recognise that just because a drug may be socially acceptable or on the increase, this does not mean it’s any safer than another drug.
There are still many myths about cannabis and scare tactics used to try and deter people from using. This often has the reverse effect. If you have seen the South Park episode ‘My Future Self and Me’ you’ll know what I mean. What do you think: is cannabis use declining because it’s no longer socially acceptable? Has its reputation changed? And why is ecstasy use rising?
Karina Hickey works at the National Cannabis Prevention and Information Centre.
7 Comments
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footprints
over 2 years ago
marijuana is the drug that all the drop kicks at school did.... and they still live in the small town you grew up in working at the local abatoir. ecstacy is the let your hair down, good fun - let me be who I want to be drug that makes you feel great. regardless of what it does to your brain - or the long or short term consequences dropping an e makes you socially OK. If you're shy and you smoke dope you become even more of a mute... if your shy and you drop an e you suddenly develop a personality, are the life of the party and feel as though you are the most popular person in the world. the choice seems pretty easy. do i approve of either - no - both have long and short term health and mental health effects but when it comes to partys and drugs e is the drug of choice for the upwardly mobile.
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anni
over 2 years ago
I guess I've learnt through seeing some pretty heartbreaking situations that whatever the overall general reported or perceived risk, everyone's risk profile is different, and you usually won't know what yours is until it might be too late.
I guess that's a risk most people are willing to take - but having seen the distress and pain I've seen close up, I certainly never could - it's been like a vaccination for me.
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tronica
over 2 years ago
Great article Karina. I've often wondered this myself as I've watched the trends in survey data over the years, with ecstasy rising steadily while cannabis tapers down. I think all of the potential reasons you state have validity.
I agree with footprints, to a degree - that heavy use of cannabis isn't social and doesn't fit the social scene we want to be accepted in (generally that is!). Ecstasy use is more acceptable. However, I've also noticed that being too trashy on pills is not acceptable in many scenes either - and this is where methamphetamines/cocaine can come into their own - you can avoid being 'messy', something that's not as acceptable as it once was.
Yet, the surveys say ecstasy is on the rise while cannabis (and methamphetamine) are on the decline. Perhaps methamphetamine has just become more stigmatised (eg. the 'ice' campaigns) so people are less likely to report their use.
PS. that 'My Future Self and Me' episode of South Park was a classic, and a prime example of how lying to your children is a bad idea!
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MischaBee
over 2 years ago
I agree with Anni's comment that everyone has a different risk profile. I have a 'rather precarious' relationship with my own mental health and a family history of mental illness, so I've always avoided taking drugs, cannabis in particular - having had it drummed into me since I was younger that I was at greater risk.
But how do you know your risk profile? Many of us might not be aware that an older family member has experienced a psychosis. Yet another reason why we need to decrease the stigma surrounding mental illness, so people know their histories and can make informed choices.
Edited by moderator over 2 years ago
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bella
over 2 years ago
i do agree that the links between Cannabis and mental heatlh issues has received a higher profile in recent years, but it's hard to say if this has led to a decline in use. Perhaps it's because a wider range of drugs are available - and the police are targeting ecstacy use more frequently.
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tim-e
over 2 years ago
Having seen some of my best friends descend into paranoia, depression and schizophrenia as a result of excessive cannabis use, it's heartening to see that finally the myth of it being a harmless drug is being busted.
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nOOb
over 2 years ago
i have a feeling that marijuana use is a coping mechanism more to avoid thinking about what we're struggling with.
and i can see why people are addicted to it. my friends turn to marijuana when he's happy and sad and pretty much in whatever he does. its quite difficult to have a proper conversation with him, because if he's not stoned, he's not up to talk about it.
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